Hvem daterte Louis XIV of France?

Louis XIV (Louis-Dieudonné; 5 September 1638 – 1 September 1715), also known as Louis the Great (Louis le Grand [lwi lə ɡʁɑ̃]) or the Sun King (le Roi Soleil [lə ʁwa sɔlɛj]), was King of France from 1643 until his death in 1715. His reign of 72 years and 110 days is the longest of any monarch in history. An emblem of the age of absolutism in Europe, Louis XIV's legacy includes French colonial expansion, the conclusion of the Thirty Years' War involving the Habsburgs, and a controlling influence on the style of fine arts and architecture in France, including the transformation of the Palace of Versailles into a center of royal power and politics. Louis XIV's pageantry and opulence helped define the French Baroque style of art and architecture and promoted his image as supreme leader of France in the early modern period.

Louis XIV began his personal rule of France in 1661 after the death of his chief minister Cardinal Mazarin. A believer in the divine right of kings, Louis XIV continued Louis XIII's work of creating a centralized state governed from a capital. Louis XIV sought to eliminate the remnants of feudalism persisting in parts of France by compelling many members of the nobility to reside at his lavish Palace of Versailles. In doing so, he succeeded in pacifying the aristocracy, many of whom had participated in the Fronde rebellions during his minority. He consolidated a system of absolute monarchy in France that endured until the French Revolution. Louis XIV enforced uniformity of religion under the Catholic Church. His revocation of the Edict of Nantes abolished the rights of the Huguenot Protestant minority and subjected them to a wave of dragonnades, effectively forcing Huguenots to emigrate or convert, virtually destroying the French Protestant community.

During Louis' long reign, France emerged as the leading European power and regularly made war. A conflict with Spain marked his entire childhood, while during his personal rule, Louis fought three major continental conflicts, each against powerful foreign alliances: the Franco-Dutch War, the Nine Years' War, and the War of the Spanish Succession. In addition, France contested shorter wars such as the War of Devolution and the War of the Reunions. Warfare defined Louis's foreign policy, impelled by his personal ambition for glory and power: "a mix of commerce, revenge, and pique". His wars strained France's resources to the utmost, while in peacetime he concentrated on preparing for the next war. He taught his diplomats that their job was to create tactical and strategic advantages for the French military. Upon his death in 1715, Louis XIV left his great-grandson and successor, Louis XV, a powerful but war-weary kingdom, in major debt after the War of the Spanish Succession that had raged on since 1701.

Some of his other notable achievements include the construction of the 240 km (150 mi) Canal du Midi in Southern France, the patronage of artists (the playwrights Molière, Racine, the man of letters Boileau, the composer and dancer Lully, the painter Le Brun and the landscape architect Le Nôtre, all contributed to the apogee of French classicism, described during his lifetime as the "Grand Siècle", or even "the century of Louis XIV"), and the founding of the French Academy of Sciences.

Françoise Thérèse de Voyer de Dorée, known as Mademoiselle de Dorée (fl. 1712) was a French courtier. She is known for her affair with Louis XIV in 1681.

Dorée was born to René de Voyer, Segnieur de Dorée, Comte de Dorée, a member of the Royal Council, and Diane-Marie Joubert (d. 1683), one of the deputy governesses of the children of the king and Madame de Montespan.

Dorée was the unofficial lover of king Louis XIV of France in 1681; it was a temporary affair after the death of Marie Angélique de Scorailles. The affair caused a scandal at court and it was rumoured that Madame de Montespan had arranged it to disturb the relationship between the king and Madame de Maintenon. The affair was temporary and ended quickly, and it was said that Madame de Maintenon asked the king to promise afterward that he would no longer sin in the future.

Dorée served as maid of honour to the king's daughter the Duchess of Bourbon between 1685 and 1686. She was banished to a convent in 1686. She was reportedly the mistress of Louis, comte de Cominges, in 1689. She was noted to have been an heir of the will of Cominges upon his death in 1712.

Marie-Antoinette de Rouvroy, comtesse d'Oisy, även känd som Mademoiselle de Rouvroy, född 1660, död efter 1721, var en fransk aristokrat. Hon var mätress till kung Ludvig XIV av Frankrike under år 1681.

Hon var dotter till Pierre de Rouvroy, seigneur de Puys (1617-1674) och Ursule de Gontery (1623-1685).

Hon var hovfröken till kungens svägerska Elisabeth Charlotte av Pfalz mellan 1690 och 1694. Hon avslutade sin anställning när hon gifte sig med Jean -Eustache de Tournay d'Assignies, greve av Oisy (d. 1716). Hon nämns 1721, då regenten fortsatt utbetalade hennes hovpension.

Hon beskrivs i Saint-Simons memoarer.

Catherine-Henriette Bellier, baroness de Beauvais (French pronunciation: [katʁin ɑ̃ʁjɛt bɛlje]; Poitou, 1614 – 7 June 1689 in Arrou), was a French courtier, best remembered as the first mistress of King Louis XIV of France.

Marie-Élisabeth "Isabelle" de Ludres, Marquess of Ludres (1647 – 28 January 1726) was a French noblewoman and lady-in-waiting, known for being the mistress of Louis XIV, King of France between 1675 and 1676.

Bonne de Pons d'Heudicourt (1644 – 24 January 1709), was a French courtier, known as the royal mistress of Louis XIV of France. She was known as La Grande Louve ('Grand She-Wolf') after her husband, who was the king's official Master of the Wolf Hunt.

Anna Maria "Marie" Mancini, Princess of Paliano (28 August 1639 – 8 May 1715) was the third of the five Mancini sisters, nieces to Cardinal Mazarin who were brought to France to marry advantageously. Along with two of their female Martinozzi cousins, the Mancini sisters were known at the court of King Louis XIV of France as the Mazarinettes. Marie is an ancestor of Queen Paola of Belgium.

Louise Françoise de La Baume Le Blanc, (født 6. august 1644 i Tours i Frankrike, død 7. juni 1710 i Paris) var en fransk kurtisane og den franske kongen Ludvig XIVs elskerinne i perioden 1661–1667, som lenge ville bryte ut av det tildels tvangsmessige forhold. Til slutt ble dette innvilget henne, og hun ble nonne.

Catherine Charlotte de Gramont (French pronunciation: [katʁin ʃaʁlɔt də ɡʁamɔ̃]; 1639 – 4 June 1678) was Princess of Monaco from 1662 to 1678 as the consort of Prince Louis I, and was once a mistress of Louis XIV of France in 1666.

Marie-Rosalie de Piennes, marquise de Châtillon, född 1665, död 1735, var en fransk hovdam. Hon var mätress till kung Ludvig XIV av Frankrike under år 1682.

Hon var dotter till Antoine de Brouilly, marquis de Piennes (1611-1676) och Françoise Godet (1630-1678). Hon gifte sig 1685 med Alexis-Henri, marquis de Châtillon (1650-1737). Hon separerade från sin make 1693.

Hon var dame d’atours åt kungens svägerska mellan 1689 och 1706. Hon gick i pension på egen begäran 1735.

Claude de Vin, Mademoiselle des Œillets styled and known as Mademoiselle des Œillets (French: [dɛz‿œjɛ]; Provence 1637 – Paris, 18 May 1687), was a mistress of King Louis XIV of France and the companion of the official royal mistress and favourite Madame de Montespan. She was known for her involvement in the famous Affair of the Poisons (1679–1680).

Daughter of the actors Nicolas de Vin and Louise Faviot.

She became the trusted lady's companion of Montespan before 1669. During the Affair of the Poisons, she was said to have made more than fifty visits to the poisoners. she was pointed out as the replacement of Montespan in the black masses. She was protected from any persecution by the monarch and Colbert, but the affair implicated Montespan and ruined the latter's relationship with the king.

Œillets retired from court in 1678 to a comfortable life in her Paris residence and country estate, the Château de Suisnes until her death.

1. She had a child by the king, Louise de Maisonblanche (17 June 1676 – 12 September 1718), later "Baroness of La Queue" by marriage. The king never recognised her as his daughter.

Julie de Bourbon, Mademoiselle de Châteaubriant (1668–1710 or 1723) was a French aristocrat. She had a reputed affair with king Louis XIV in 1683, and have been called the last mistress of Louis XIV.

Anne de Rohan-Chabot, Princess of Soubise (Anne Julie; 1648 – 4 February 1709) was a French noble. A member of the House of Rohan, she was wife of the Prince of Soubise. It was she who brought the lordship of Soubise into the junior line of the House of Rohan. She was for some time the mistress of Louis XIV. She was sometimes called Madame de Frontenay due to being the Dame of Frontenay.

Marie Madeleine Agnès de Gontaut (1653–1720) was a French aristocrat.

Anne-Madeleine de Conty d'Argencourt est née en 1637, baptisée le 20 septembre 1641 à Montpellier et morte le 8 janvier 1718. Elle est l'une des maîtresses de Louis XIV.

Elle lègue à sa mort son immeuble à Montpellier à l'Œuvre des Sœurs de la Miséricorde, dont elle était membre.

Marie Angélique de Scorailles, Duchess of Fontanges (French pronunciation: [maʁi ɑ̃ʒelik də skɔʁaj] ; July 1661 – 28 June 1681) was a French noblewoman and mistress of Louis XIV. Additionally she held the position of a lady-in-waiting to his sister-in-law Elizabeth Charlotte, Madame Palatine, the Duchess of Orléans. Marie caught the attention of the Sun King and began an affair with him in 1679. She died two years later, most probably as a result of complications arising from childbirth.

Olympia Mancini, Countess of Soissons (French: Olympe Mancini; 11 July 1638 – 9 October 1708) was the second-eldest of the five celebrated Mancini sisters who, along with two of their female Martinozzi cousins, were known at the court of King Louis XIV of France as the Mazarinettes because their uncle was Louis XIV's chief minister, Cardinal Mazarin. Olympia was later to become the mother of the famous Austrian general Prince Eugene of Savoy. She also involved herself in various court intrigues including the notorious Affair of the Poisons, which led to her expulsion from France.

Madame de Montespan (født 5. oktober 1640 i regionen Poitou-Charentes i Frankrike, død 27. mai 1707 i Bourbon-l’Archambault), egentlig Françoise Athénaïs de Rochechouart de Mortemart, var en av Ludvig XIV av Frankrikes elskerinner.

Hun etterfulgte den tidligere elskerinnen Louise de la Vallière. Madame de Montespan fikk åtte barn med Ludvig og de ble oppfostret hos hennes etterfølger som elskerinne, Madame de Maintenon.